Own the path from chip genotypes to locked KASP assays
A phased plan for a wet-lab team that already runs KASP production, but has not ordered assays or owned upstream SNP selection. The chip array wet lab can stay outsourced. LGC Biosearch carries the assay design and validation load early, then ownership moves to the team one step at a time: ordering → LGC-validated assays → in-house validation → SNP selection → primer design.
Context
Until now, the upstream steps (chip analysis, SNP selection, assay design and validation) were handled outside the lab, and primers arrived ready for production. Clients still need variety purity and variety identification projects. The lab now wants to own more of that chain, starting from provider-generated chip data, without a single big-bang cutover.
An external consultant sets the learning and practice path, and hands over simple tools (for example, chip array data → SNP shortlist). LGC Biosearch provides KASP assay design and validation services. The lab team runs the wet lab, makes the pass/fail calls, and delivers to clients. See who does what →
End state
When a client requests variety ID or purity work, the lab can:
- Send DNA/leaf to a chip service provider — the array run can stay external
- Receive the genotype matrix / VCF
- Select a discriminating SNP panel with internal tools + checklist
- Design or order KASP assays
- Validate assays in-house
- Lock primers and deliver production genotyping
Tip: click a phase box to jump to its tab. On a phone, scroll the chart sideways.
LGC supplies KASP chemistry and assay design, and the lab already works with KASP, so LGC is the natural main provider. Two of its services define the first three phases:
KOD · KASP on Demand
- LGC designs, validates and optimises the assay in its own lab
- Needs at least 22 and up to 94 of the lab's DNA samples (non-human species)
- LGC sends the genotyping results for the lab's confirmation before shipping the assay mix
- LGC states a working assay is guaranteed, or no charge
- Higher cost per assay, lowest risk. Used for learning and for hard or high-stakes SNPs.
KBD · KASP by Design
- LGC designs only (Kraken software); no wet-lab validation before delivery
- The lab validates the assay itself, on its own samples and instrument
- Lower cost per assay, so it becomes the default once the lab can judge results
- Failed assays go back to LGC for redesign, or up to KOD
- Safety net: in KOD, someone else carries the risk of a non-working assay while the team is still learning.
- Ready-made pass/fail standard: LGC validates against stated criteria (no-template controls negative, distinct clusters, call rate above 90%, minor allele frequency above 2% unless the allele is known to be rare). The team adopts these as its first written gate.
- Escalation path: if an in-house design or validation fails, the SNP goes back to LGC, so client projects do not stall.
- One step at a time: LGC leads in Phase 1, shares in Phases 2–3, then handles only hard SNPs and overflow in Phases 4–5.
- Final contingency: the Germany sister lab stays available as a last resort if a problem cannot be solved by the lab, LGC and the external consultant.
Service terms and sample requirements are from LGC's public pages (KOD, KBD, assay design). Confirm current terms in the LGC quote.
External consultant
Sets the learning path, writes templates, hands over simple tools, reviews at phase gates.
LGC Biosearch
Designs and validates KASP assays (KOD), designs only (KBD), supplies assay mix and support.
Lab team
Runs the wet lab, makes pass/fail decisions, owns the client delivery and the SOPs.
| Phase | Focus | LGC service | Duration | Ownership shift |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 · Learn to order | Order + run known assays | Forms, quotes, assay mix | 4–6 wk | Ordering |
| 1 · KOD | SNP list → LGC designs + validates → deliver | KOD | 6–8 wk | Request to production |
| 2 · KBD + in-house validation | LGC designs, lab validates and locks | KBD (+ KOD for exceptions) | 6–10 wk | Wet QC judgment |
| 3 · Chip → SNP shortlist | Internal marker selection | KBD | 8–12 wk | Analytics |
| 4 · Primer design | Easy SNPs in-house | Hard SNPs only | 8–12 wk | Design |
| 5 · Steady state | Routine service ownership | Overflow | 12–24 wk | Full process |
Tools from the external consultant
- Assay order packager (Phase 1) — SNP table → LGC submission sheet + assay inventory IDs
- Validation scorecard (Phase 2) — plate results → pass/fail + failure codes
- Chip SNP selector (Phase 3) — genotypes + replicates → ranked discriminating panel + QC report
- Flank + Primer3 designer (Phase 4) — reference flanks, nearby-SNP mask, order export
Costs are planning ranges in USD and will vary by array type, sample volume, and vendor quotes. External consultant lines are a planning placeholder: $150/hr × 2 hr/week = $300/week, so each phase's consultant cost is its duration in weeks × $300 (about $13.2–21.6k across all phases). Replace with the agreed engagement terms. Prefer buying certainty early (KOD, chip provider, consultant review) while the team builds judgment.
Roles & expectations
Who does what
Goal: Everyone knows what they own. The external consultant guides and equips, LGC designs and validates assays as a service, and the lab team runs the work and makes the decisions.
The three parties
External consultant
Direction, practice plans, simple tools
Does
- Sets the learning path and practice exercises for each phase
- Writes SOP templates, checklists and acceptance sheets
- Builds and hands over simple tools (order packager, validation scorecard, chip SNP selector, flank + Primer3 designer)
- Reviews work at each phase gate and helps triage failed assays
Does not
- Run the wet lab or deliver to clients
- Make production pass/fail calls for the team
- Stay in the loop forever; involvement fades by Phase 5
LGC Biosearch
Main service provider and guardrail
Does
- Designs KASP assays in Kraken (KBD and KOD)
- For KOD, validates and optimises assays on the lab's DNA samples and sends results for confirmation
- Supplies barcoded assay mix, quotes, submission templates and technical support
- Redesigns failed assays; takes hard SNPs and overflow later on
Does not
- Choose which SNPs separate the client's varieties
- Validate KBD assays in its own lab before delivery
- Run the lab's production plates or make the client call
Lab team
Execution, decisions, delivery
Does
- Runs DNA prep, KASP plates and cluster calling
- Prepares SNP flanks, submission sheets and DNA shipments; places the orders
- Manages the chip array provider: sample metadata, shipping, data receipt
- Makes pass/fail decisions against written gates; keeps SOPs and the failed-assay log
- Delivers client projects
Does not
- Wait for the external consultant before routine runs once a phase exit is met
- Skip the written gate when a result "looks fine"
Typical involvement at a glance
| Phase | External consultant | LGC | Lab team |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 · Learn to order | ●●○ | ●○○ | ●●○ |
| 1 · KOD | ●●○ | ●●● | ●●○ |
| 2 · KBD + in-house validation | ●●○ | ●●○ | ●●● |
| 3 · Chip → SNP shortlist | ●●● | ●○○ | ●●● |
| 4 · Primer design | ●●○ | ●○○ | ●●● |
| 5 · Steady state | ●○○ | ●○○ | ●●● |
●●● heavy · ●●○ medium · ●○○ light. Planning view; adjust as the team's progress dictates. External consultant time is budgeted flat at 2 hr/week in every phase; the dots show where that time is concentrated.
Phase by phase
Phase 0 · Learn to order Goal: place a correct order and deliver with known assays
Open phase →External consultant
- Provides the “How we order KASP” SOP template and order checklist
- Picks 5–10 known assays for practice
- Reviews the first order before it is submitted
LGC
- Sets up the account and quote
- Provides submission templates and guidance
- Answers technical questions; supplies assay mix on order
Lab team
- Opens vendor accounts and places practice orders
- Writes and owns the ordering SOP
- Re-runs known assays on controls and compares with historical calls
- Delivers one mock project
Phase 1 · KOD Goal: SNP list → LGC designs + validates → delivered project
Open phase →External consultant
- Hands over the assay order packager (SNP table → LGC submission sheet + inventory)
- Coaches how to choose the 22–94 validation samples
- Walks the team through LGC's validation report: what pass and fail look like
- Reviews the confirmation plate and acceptance sheet
LGC
- Designs the assay in Kraken
- Validates and optimises on the lab's DNA samples
- Sends results for confirmation, then ships the barcoded assay mix
- Project manager handles quotes and questions
Lab team
- Prepares SNP flanks and the submission sheet
- Selects and ships validation DNA, including 1:1 mixes of homozygous DNA as het controls
- Reads LGC's validation report and confirms the assay
- Runs a confirmation plate on its own instrument and records accept/reject
- Delivers the first production project
Phase 2 · KBD + in-house validation Goal: LGC designs, lab validates and locks
Open phase →External consultant
- Hands over the validation scorecard
- Provides the failure taxonomy and “lock for production” templates
- Reviews the calibration batch against LGC's KOD results
- Supports triage of failed assays
LGC
- Designs assays on KBD orders (design only)
- Redesigns failed assays; offers KOD for hard SNPs
- Technical advice on cluster behaviour
Lab team
- Runs the in-house validation plate against the written gate, with a 1:1 mix as het control
- Classifies failures and logs assay versions
- Decides KBD vs KOD per SNP
- Locks assays for production
Phase 3 · Chip → SNP shortlist Goal: internal discriminating-SNP selection
Open phase →External consultant
- Builds and hands over the chip SNP selector (genotypes + sample sheet → ranked candidates, discrimination matrix, QC)
- Writes the selection rules with the team
- Pilots on a historical project; reviews the first live shortlist
LGC
- Designs the chosen SNPs on KBD orders
- Guidance on sequence submission for hard loci
- Optional KOD for difficult SNPs
Lab team
- Selects the chip provider and manages the array run
- Maintains the sample metadata SOP (variety, replicate, plate map)
- Runs the tool, checks genotype QC, assembles the shortlist
- Orders KBD and validates in-house using the Phase 2 SOP
Phase 4 · Primer design Goal: design easy SNPs in-house
Open phase →External consultant
- Hands over the flank + Primer3 designer
- Sets the design rules and the “easy vs hard SNP” policy
- Runs the blind-redesign calibration and reviews the first batches
LGC
- Designs hard, repeat or multi-mapping SNPs
- Its designs serve as the benchmark for the blind redesign
- Supplies assay mix or oligos
Lab team
- Designs easy SNPs in-house and checks uniqueness with BLAST
- Orders oligos and validates with the Phase 2 gate
- Sends hard SNPs to LGC
Phase 5 · Steady state Goal: routine service mostly internal
Open phase →External consultant
- Spot reviews and quarterly SOP review support
- Hands over tool maintenance
- Supports onboarding of a new crop panel
LGC
- Overflow and hard-SNP designs
- Ongoing assay mix supply and support
Lab team
- Runs the service end to end
- Keeps SOPs under version control and runs QA spot audits
- Defines client SLAs and pricing
Working together
- Lab team owns the project and the client relationship. The other two parties support.
- Method and tool questions go to the external consultant first.
- Assay-specific design, order and validation questions go to the LGC project manager.
- Phase gates: the team proposes the exit, the external consultant reviews the evidence, and LGC data (validation reports, redesign history) is part of that evidence.
- Failed assays: the team logs it, the external consultant helps classify the cause, and LGC redesigns if needed.
Phase 0
Learn to order
Goal: Correctly order KASP primers/assays and deliver a project when the SNP/assay is already known (a published paper or a prior project).
Pre-existing conditions
- Can already run KASP wet lab and call clusters once primers exist
- Have at least one prior purity/ID project with a known working primer list, or a published corn/soy marker paper to re-implement
- Procurement can open accounts with oligo / KASP vendors
How to do it
- Open an account with LGC Biosearch (KASP) and/or a trusted oligo house.
- Practice two ordering paths:
- Reorder known assay mix (exact prior primers)
- Order from published SNP coordinates (sequence submission form)
- Write a short “How we order KASP” SOP: required fields, naming, concentration, tails, master mix, NTC rules. The external consultant supplies the template.
- Re-run 5–10 known assays on control DNA; require a match to historical calls. Include pseudo-heterozygote controls made by mixing two homozygous DNAs 1:1 (see the tip in Phase 1).
- Deliver one small client-like mock project using only known assays.
Cost estimate
| Item | Range |
|---|---|
| Vendor onboarding + trial kit | $0–1k |
| Reorder / redesign of 10–20 known assays | $1–5k |
| Consumables for practice plates | $1–3k |
| External consultant (placeholder): $300/wk × 4–6 wk | $1.2–1.8k |
| Phase total | ~$3.2–10.8k |
Public educational resources
- LGC — Assay design for KASP chemistry
- LGC — End-point genotyping manual (PDF), including the SNP submission format
- LGC KBD and KOD product pages: design only vs design + wet validation
- Instrument vendor docs for the lab's existing reader / cycler
Service providers
- LGC Biosearch Technologies — primary for KASP ordering, design forms, technical support
- Optional: local oligo synthesizer for raw primers if the lab later goes fully DIY
Exit criteria
- Team can place a correct KASP order without help
- Known assays reproduce expected clusters
- Written ordering SOP exists
Phase 1
KOD: LGC designs and validates
Goal: Given a ready SNP list (from a published paper, a prior project, or the external consultant), submit sequences, order KOD, read LGC's validation report, confirm the assay on the lab's own controls, and deliver. The team learns what “validated” looks like. It does not yet make its own validation judgment calls.
Pre-existing conditions
- Phase 0 exit criteria met
- Flanking sequence for each SNP (±50–100 bp, SNP marked as
[A/G]) - DNA from the target varieties: KOD needs at least 22 and up to 94 samples for non-human species, with replicates where possible
- Known population type of the samples (inbred lines, hybrids, or mixed)
How to do it
- Standardize the SNP submission template (LGC format). The external consultant hands over the assay order packager.
- Choose the validation samples with the external consultant: all target varieties, replicates, and the expected genotype classes.
- Place the KOD order. LGC designs, validates and optimises the assay, then sends the genotyping results for confirmation before shipping the assay mix.
- Review LGC's validation report with the external consultant: which criteria were met, what the clusters look like, and which samples were ambiguous.
- Run one confirmation plate on the lab's own instrument with its own controls. Does it reproduce LGC's clusters? Record accept/reject on a one-page acceptance sheet.
- Deliver the first production project with the KOD assays.
Cost estimate
| Item | Range |
|---|---|
| KOD for 20–40 SNPs (learning + delivery) | $8–25k |
| DNA / plates / master mix, including the confirmation plate | $3–8k |
| External consultant (placeholder): $300/wk × 6–8 wk | $1.8–2.4k |
| Phase total | ~$12.8–35.4k |
Public educational resources
- LGC — KASP on Demand (KOD): process, sample requirements, guarantee
- LGC — End-point genotyping manual (PDF): submission format, cluster interpretation
- LGC sequence submission guidance, including homologous sequences and anchoring
Service providers
- LGC Biosearch — KOD; strong plant genotyping track record
Exit criteria
- Can convert a SNP list into a correct KOD order
- Can read LGC's validation report and explain why the assay passed
- The lab's confirmation plate matches LGC's calls
- At least one project delivered with KOD assays ordered by the lab itself
Phase 2
KBD + in-house validation
Goal: Stop buying KOD for every marker. Order design-only assays (KBD), validate them in-house against a written gate, and send only failures back to LGC. LGC still designs the primers.
Pre-existing conditions
- Phase 1 exit criteria met
- 5–10 assays with LGC KOD validation reports on file, to serve as ground truth
- Stable control DNA bank and comfort with the lab's cluster-calling software
- Inventory system for assay versions (v1 fail → v2 redesign)
How to do it
- Switch the default path: SNP list → LGC KBD → in-house validation panel. Keep KOD for hard SNPs or high-stakes legal/purity cases.
- Calibration batch: order 5–10 SNPs that were already validated under KOD in Phase 1 as KBD. Validate them in-house and compare with LGC's KOD report. This gives the team ground truth for its own calls.
- Expand the Phase 1 acceptance sheet into the full written gate: NTC clean; clear clusters; call rate ≥90–95% on controls; concordance with the expected variety genotype; consistent repeat run. Put a 1:1 homozygous-DNA mix on every plate as the heterozygote control.
- Build the failure taxonomy SOP: no amplification; cloud / no clusters; heterozygote skew; off-target or monomorphic when it should differ; plate or DNA issue vs assay issue.
- Define the “lock for production” package: primer/assay IDs, cycling program, acceptance metrics, control expectations.
- Use the validation scorecard from the external consultant: plate planner + auto pass/fail summary from cluster exports.
Cost estimate
| Item | Range |
|---|---|
| KBD design-only for 20–40 SNPs (including the calibration batch) | $2–8k |
| Validation plates, controls, failed redesigns (learning tax) | $5–15k |
| KOD → KBD shift | Net savings after ramp |
| External consultant (placeholder): $300/wk × 6–10 wk | $1.8–3.0k |
| Phase total (net spend) | ~$8.8–26k |
Public educational resources
- LGC — KASP by Design (KBD)
- LGC — End-point genotyping manual (PDF): cluster interpretation and troubleshooting
- KASP conversion user guide (wheat) — written for a polyploid crop but useful for understanding why assays fail
- The lab's own archive of failed vs passed assays: the best local textbook
Service providers
- LGC — KBD design-only, redesign support, and KOD when needed
- Optional third-party genotyping CRO as backup capacity only, not process owner
Exit criteria
- Calibration batch: the lab's in-house calls agree with LGC's KOD results
- ≥70–80% of new KBD assays pass in-house on the first order
- Team can classify failures and decide redesign vs drop SNP
- KOD is used as the exception, not the default
Phase 3
Chip data → discriminating SNP shortlist
Goal: From Illumina chip called genotypes, internally produce a ranked SNP shortlist for variety ID/purity. The shortlist feeds straight into the Phase 2 path (KBD → in-house validation). This is the highest-leverage analytics step.
Pre-existing conditions
- Phase 2 exit criteria met: the lab can validate and lock assays in-house
- Chip service provider selected; sample metadata SOP (variety, replicate, plate map)
- One historical project with a known “good” SNP list as ground truth
- Basic R/Python comfort on the team, or the external consultant's tooling that they operate
How to do it
- Outsource the chip run only (DNA → genotypes). Request the final report, genotype matrix/VCF, and call-rate / QC metrics.
- Define selection rules in writing, with the external consultant:
- High within-variety concordance across 4–8 replicates
- Allele differs between target varieties (or a unique barcode pattern)
- Low missingness; prefer genome-dispersed, non-redundant markers
- Separate panels for ID vs purity if needed
- Use the chip SNP selector from the external consultant: genotypes + sample sheet → ranked candidates, pairwise discrimination matrix, suggested panel size, QC plots.
- Pilot on an old project; aim to recover ≥80% of the historically informative SNPs (or better discrimination with fewer SNPs).
- For the first live client, the external consultant reviews the shortlist before assays are ordered.
- Send the shortlist through the Phase 2 path: order KBD, validate in-house against the written gate.
Cost estimate
| Item | Range |
|---|---|
| Chip service for pilot set (e.g. 24–96 samples × reps) | $5–30k |
| External consultant (placeholder): $300/wk × 8–12 wk | $2.4–3.6k |
| KBD order + in-house validation of chosen SNPs | $3–10k |
| Phase total | ~$10.4–43.6k |
Public educational resources
- Illumina MaizeSNP50 datasheet and the agrigenomics consortia array sheet (MaizeLD, BARSoySNP6K)
- Illumina Infinium / GenomeStudio materials for non-human arrays
- PLINK tutorials for basic genotype filtering concepts
- Plant variety ID / fingerprinting literature (EDV / molecular DUS-style logic)
- R package intros:
vcfRand simple tidy genomics workflows
Service providers (chip)
- Illumina FastTrack / CSPro network — official agrigenomics array path
- University / ag core labs with plant Infinium experience, such as the University of Minnesota Genomics Center (publishes per-array pricing and turnaround tiers)
- Regional ag genomics CRO partners, as an alternative quote
- LGC — KBD design for the chosen SNPs
Quote checklist: maize/soy array availability (MaizeSNP50 / MaizeLD / soy consortia / custom ~10K), plant DNA acceptance, turnaround, raw + called data formats.
Exit criteria
- Team can go from a chip genotype file to a candidate SNP panel without outside analysis
- The tool + SOP produce reproducible shortlists
- First client SNP panel selected internally, accepted after review, and carried through KBD + in-house validation
Phase 4
Own primer design for easy SNPs
Goal: For clean diploid corn/soy SNPs with good flanks, design allele-specific + common primers internally, BLAST/QC, and wet-validate with the Phase 2 gate. Hard loci remain LGC-designed.
Pre-existing conditions
- Phase 3 exit criteria met
- Comfort with FASTA flanks, Primer3 parameters, BLAST uniqueness
- Reference genome versions pinned (corn B73 / soy Wm82; document the exact builds)
How to do it
- Train on 20 historical SNPs: redesign in-house blind, then compare to LGC's primers.
- Adopt design rules: allele-specific 3′ end at the SNP; add FAM/HEX (or VIC) tails; avoid secondary SNPs under primers; short amplicon; matched Tm; low hairpin; uniqueness vs reference.
- Tooling from the external consultant: SNP ID → fetch flanks → mask nearby variants from the chip VCF → Primer3 batch → BLAST filter → order sheet export.
- Policy: easy SNPs in-house; low-complexity / repeat / multi-map SNPs → LGC.
Cost estimate
| Item | Range |
|---|---|
| Training-set oligo orders / side-by-side tests | $5–15k |
| External consultant (placeholder): $300/wk × 8–12 wk | $2.4–3.6k |
| Occasional LGC design for hard SNPs | $2–6k |
| Phase total | ~$9.4–24.6k |
Public educational resources
- Primer3 manual
- Community KASP Primer3 design tool (Junli Zhang), a useful reference for parameter choices
- KASP conversion user guide (wheat): design pitfalls, mainly relevant to polyploid crops
- LGC sequence submission, homology and anchoring guidance, useful even when designing in-house
- Crop genome browsers: Ensembl Plants, MaizeGDB, SoyBase
Service providers
- LGC remains the overflow and hard-case designer
- Oligo synthesis via LGC assay mix, or raw primers + in-house mix prep only after the chemistry SOP is solid
Exit criteria
- In-house designs reach first-pass wet success comparable to LGC designs on easy SNPs
- Clear written rule for what still goes external
Phase 5
Steady-state service ownership
Goal: Routine client work is mostly internal. External spend is chip running plus occasional hard-assay design and review.
Pre-existing conditions
- Phases 0–4 exit criteria met
- SOPs under version control; training checklist for new staff
- QA person/time for spot audits
How to do it
- Publish an internal service catalog: variety ID panel development; purity marker development; production genotyping.
- Define the SLA and pricing model for clients.
- Quarterly SOP review using the failed-assay log.
- Optional later escalation: WGS only when the chip cannot resolve close varieties (a separate mini-program; not required now).
Cost estimate
| Item | Range |
|---|---|
| Per new panel project | Project-dependent (labor + chip + oligos) |
| Annual external overflow / hard designs | $5–20k |
| Tool maintenance | Low continuous |
| External consultant (placeholder): $300/wk × 12–24 wk, tapering as the team stabilizes | $3.6–7.2k |
Public educational resources
- The Phase 0–4 resource library as the onboarding curriculum for new staff
- Vendor webinars and application notes when chemistry or array content updates
- Internal case reviews as the primary learning loop
Minimal external stack
| Need | Provider | Role |
|---|---|---|
| KASP design / order / validate | LGC Biosearch | Overflow and hard cases |
| Illumina chip running | Illumina FastTrack / CSPro or a strong core lab | Can stay external permanently |
| Process coaching and tools | External consultant | Spot reviews, tool maintenance hand-off |
| Final contingency | Germany sister lab | Last resort only |
Exit criteria
- Routine SNP selection, assay design and validation run in-house, with no routine reliance on outside groups beyond LGC and the chip provider
- Team can onboard a new crop panel with only light consultant support